HUSY/ZSM⁃5 composite zeolite was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization, and the structure, acidity and morphology were characterized by X⁃ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption⁃desorption, NH3⁃TPD and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and pyridine infrared(Py⁃FTIR). Epoxidized soybean oil was synthesized using solvent⁃free method, and the catalytic activity of HUSY, HUSY+ZSM⁃5 mechanical mixture and HUSY/ZSM⁃5 for the epoxidation of soybean oil was compared, and the composite zeolite HUSY/ZSM⁃5 showed the best catalytic performance. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of epoxy soybean oil were as follows: 20 mL of soybean oil , 16 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide, 4.0 mL of acetic acid, 3 g of catalyst. Epoxidized soybean oil with an acid value of 0.46 mg/g and an epoxy value of 5.60% was obtained after reaction at 70 ℃ for 4 h. The product was characterized by FT⁃IR, 1H⁃NMR, and 13C⁃ NMR.

In order to investigate the catalytic effect of H⁃ZSM⁃5 for silver⁃copper alloy nanoparticles,Ag ₂Cu ₁/H⁃ZSM⁃5 alloy powder catalyst was prepared and applied to low temperature NH ₃⁃SCO reaction under oxygen⁃rich conditions. The results showed that the Ag ₂Cu ₁/H⁃ZSM⁃5 exhibited the best low⁃temperature ammonia oxidation performance, and its T ₅₀ and T ₉₀ were 221 and 247 °C, respectively. The results of XRD,N ₂ physical adsorption and SEM showed that the MFI skeleton structure and the silver⁃copper alloy structure remained intact,and the silver⁃copper alloy nanoparticles were highly dispersed on the surface of H⁃ZSM⁃5.It could be seen from TEM results that the small size of silver⁃copper alloy nanoparticles (2~14 nm) and H⁃ZSM⁃5 surface had a strong force,which improved the dispersion of silver⁃copper alloy nanoparticles.The XPS and NH ₃⁃TPD results displayed that the strong interaction between the Ag ₂Cu ₁ nanoparticles and the surface of H⁃ZSM⁃5 increased the amount of active oxygen on the surface of the catalyst,enhanced the adsorption of ammonia on the surface and increased the reaction rate of ammonia oxidation.

In order to clarify the fractal features of the pore structure of coal rock in Hancheng and Baode block, a new fractal characterization method was derived based on matchstick model. The new method was validated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion test data. On this basis, the fractal characteristics of pore structure in medium and low coal rocks were studied. The results show that the matchstick model can more accurately characterize the dual pore structure of middle and low coal rank coal rocks. In the bi⁃logarithmic coordinate, the mercury saturation is in a bilinear relationship with the capillary pressure, that is, the pore structure of medium⁃low rank coal rocks has the fractal characteristics of sections, and the pores and cracks have different fractal intervals and fractal dimensions by the dividing line of 1 μm. The pores fractal dimension ranges from 2.80 to 2.98 and the crack fractal dimension ranges from 2.17 to 2.33 for Hancheng and Baode block. The fractal dimension of fracture for coal sample increases with the increase of the fractal dimension of pores, and both fractal dimensions decrease with the increase of average pore radius, porosity and permeability. Fractal dimension of coal rock is the key index of reservoir evaluation and can characterize the heterogeneity of its pore structure. The larger the fractal dimension is, the stronger the heterogeneity of pore structure is. The fractal dimension of cleavage and fracture is much larger than that of pore in Hancheng and Baode Block.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is generally used for phthalate plasticizers, because of its high plasticizing efficiency. These phthalate plasticizers will cause the problems of durability, toxicity and potential carcinogenicity, they can make service life shorter, endanger human and animal health. So it has been gradually replaced by the new type of plasticizer. Polyester plasticizer is a kind of green environmental protection plasticizer and can better solve the disadvantage of traditional plasticizer, so it was widely studied at home and abroad. In this article, plasticizing mechanism(Lubricity theory, Gel theory, Free volume theory), selection criteria, synthesis and classification of the polyester plasticizer are introduced. The polyester plasticizer is mainly divided into two categories:biological polyester plasticizer and petroleum polyester plasticizer.

Diamondlike carbon (DLC) films have good properties, such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, high stability, and so on, which make it the ideal material for copper corrosionresistance. But, the coherence between film and copper substrate was bad. Thus, we make TixCy intermediate layer to resolve this problem. DLC films were successfully grown on copper substrate by changing C target power of intermediate layer ,combining magnetosputtering physical vapor deposition with chemical vapor deposition. Ranman spectroscopy result indicated that the films show an amorphous structure and typical characteristics of DLC films. The coherence between film and copper substrate was analyzed by Indentation method, which indicate the tight coherence. Finally, the influence of DLC film corrosionresistance by changing C target power was analyzed by electrochemical experiments.

The reservoir condition moderate level of gas well was taken as an example to research the proper Tubing diameter in Daqing Oilfield gas storage. Predicted the generation of gas storage, and optimized the formulation and amount of inhibitor.The node analysis method was used to research gas production capacity, pressure loss, liquid carrying capacity and the erosion resistance on the diameter of tubing effect. The results showed that the ability to natural gas injection and production increase with the increasing tubing diameter and wellhead pressure. The gas storage injectionproduction volume requirements could be met, when the tubing diameter was more than 50.8 mm. The well bore pressure loss increase with the injectionproduction volume increases, but decrease with the increasing tubing diameter. The tubing pressure loss was less, when the tubing diameter was more than 63.5 mm. Comprehensive analysis the 63.5 mm tubing was more reasonable used in gas storage. Meanwhile, erosion and effusion could be avoided. When Production volume was very low, the tubing would generate natural gas hydrate.The adding method was recommended to prevent hydrate formation, the inhibitor was used methanol and ethylene glycol to the volume ratio of 2∶3, and the amount was 0.03 m3/d.

Three kinds of molybdenum polyoxometalates using Mo8O4-26 as the anion, quaternary ammonium salts as the cation have been synthesized. And the catalysts were used in the catalysis and oxidation desulfurization of diesel fuel system with oxidant Ｈ2O2 (30%) as oxidant and extractant ［C6MIM］BF4 as extraction agent. The desulfurization of model diesel fuel was optimized by investigating different reaction conditions, such as the dosage of catalysts, reaction temperature, the ratio of ［C6MIM］BF4 and diesel fuel ,reaction time, the dosage of oxidant and so on and were applied in real diesel fuel. The results showed that the best desulfurization rate at 60 ℃ was obtained after 1 h [KG*4]under [KG*4]the [KG*4]condition of n(catalyst)/n(sulfide)=5%,V(［C6MIM］BF4)/V(oil)=1∶5，n(oxidant)/n(sulfide)=6∶1.The desulfurization rate reached 95% for the model diesel fuel (［S］o=1 164 μg/g) and 92% for the FCC diesel(［S］o=850 μg/g).

The effective degradation of bioenzymatic can make the polymer changed from longchain to shortchain and the viscosity will be decreased, and the mud cake can be well cleared up. For this purpose, the viscosity exhaustion method was used, the bioenzymatic corresponding to different polymer were preferred, and four recipes of biodegradable drilling fluid were settled. The properties of drilling fluid have been obtained through the filter cake removal experiments and the permeability recovery experiments. The results show that the different kinds of polymers correspond to different optimal biological enzymes, X1, X6, X3 and X6 are the optimal enzyme corresponds to CMC, PACLV, HEC and guar gum drilling fluid respectively; Four recipes of enzyme biodegradable drilling fluid preferred are of higher practical value, which could clean up the mud cake after drilling process, and the degree of injury of the reservoirs is smaller.

By the way of initiated polymerization in toluene solution,two tercopolymers were prepared from octadecyl acrylate(acrylamide),maleic anhydride and styrolene in molar ratio 6∶1∶2 as pour point depressant A(B),C(D),akind of pour point depressant,was synthesized by alcoholysis (aminolysis) of A(B) by stearyl alcohol(octadecylamine) in the toluene as solvent at 120 ℃.The drop effect of pour point and viscosity of A,B,C and D for the sample to Daqing crude oil was investigated.The study was tested by adding the pour point depressants A,B,C,D to high pour point crude oil of Daqing at a dosage of 0.5%,respectively.The results suggest that the pour point depressants of C & D are more effective than A & B,meanwhile,the combination C+ D is more effective than C and D.After adding C+D in mass ratio 3∶1 to Daqing crude oil, its pour point is lowered by 15℃ and viscosity could be reduced by 58.38%.

The catalyst bismuth phosphotungstate was prepared and characterized, then the esterification of n-butanol and oleic acid was studied with bismuth phosphotungstate as a catalyst. The effect of kinds of phosphotungstate, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, the amount of catalysts, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The experiment results show that molar ratio of 1.8∶1 of alcohol to oil, the amount of catalysts is 5% (based on weight of fatty oil), reaction time is 4 h under reflux conditions. At this time, the yield of esterification is 90.05%.

A strain Lz2-1 capable of crude oil as main source and energy of producing biosurfactants could be isolated by a series of steps including hydrocarbon enrichment culture and shaking culture and oil displacement activity assay etc. The strain was isolated with the best surface activity in 24 samples from petroleum-contained soil, sludge, waste water etc,and identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa by analysis of 16S rDNA gene and physiochemical methods. The strain produced crude biosurfactant has excellent emulsification property and makes the surface tension of water decrease from 72 mN/m to 28 mN/m. The key components of the crude biosurfactant were extracted and identified as rhamnolipid species by using TLC and FT-IR analyses. The critical micelle concentration of the biosurfactants is 0.630 47 g/L. The present study states that the biosurfactants are major factors of Lz2-1 strain in microbial enhanced oil recovery.